Relative clauses -ing and -ed clauses: A clause is a part of sentence. Sometimes some
clauses begin with –ing or –ed.
Examples:
- Do you know the boy talking on Hicham? (-ing clause)
- The woman injured in the accident was taken to hospital. (-ed clause)
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| Relative clauses -ing and -ed clauses |
We normally use –ing clause to say what someone
or something is doing or was doing at a particular time:
Examples:
- Do you know the girl talking to Hicham? (The the boy is talking to Hicham).
- The policemen investigating the robbery are looking for three men. (The policeman are investigating the robbery)
- He was woken up by a bell ringing. (The bell was ringing)
- Who was that man standing outside? (The man was standing outside)
- Can you hear someone singing? (Someone is singing)
When we are talking about some things (and
sometimes people), we can use –ing clause for permanent characteristics (what
something does all the time, not just a particular time):
Examples:
- The road joining the two villages very narrow. (The room overlooks the garden)
- I live in a pleasant room overlooking the garden. (The room overlooks the garden)
ed clause
-ed clauses have a passive meaning:
Examples:
- The woman injured in the accident was taken to hospital. (The woman was injured in the accident)
- None of the people invited to the party can come. (The people have been invited to the party)
If we look at “Injured” and “invited” are past
participles. Many verbs have irregular past participles which don’t end in –ed .for
example: stolen, bought, written etc:
Examples:
- The money stolen in the robbery was never found. (The money was stolen in the robbery)
- Most of the products made in this factory are exported. (The products are made in the factory)
Other uses of -ing and -ed clauses:We often use –ing and –ed clauses after there
is/there was etc.
Examples:
- Is there anybody waiting to see me?
- There was some children swimming in the rive
- When I arrived there was a big red car parked outside the house.